Aujourd’hui, l’intelligence artificielle (IA) est présente dans presque tous les secteurs de nos vies. Elle est capable de se produire comme les humains et même surpasser les performances humaines dans certaines tâches. Nous faisons confiance aux machines telles que les voitures autonomes, un supermarché sans caisse comme Amazon Go, ou encore les assistants virtuels tels que Siri et Alexa. Mais les humains feraient-ils confiance à l’IA quand il s’agit de leur santé ?
C’est quoi l’intelligence artificielle ?
Nous entendons chaque jour ce terme d’intelligence artificielle. Le terme existe depuis les années 50. Bien plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît, il a beaucoup évolué et nul doute qu’il évoluera encore ces prochaines années. Autrefois, la définition de l’IA se résumait à celle de l’algorithme. Aujourd’hui, l’IA peut être définie, plus généralement, comme la capacité d’une machine (c’est-à-dire un « objet » capable d’agir, par lui-même ou sous le contrôle de l’homme) à reproduire des actions ou des fonctions qui sont habituellement celles des êtres vivants (homme ou animal).
L’intelligence artificielle, comment ça marche ?
Avez-vous déjà entendu parler de Watson par IBM ? Watson est devenu célèbre grâce à sa participation à la célèbre émission télévisée de culture générale Jeopardy en 2011. La technologie d’IBM a joué et gagné contre les deux plus grands joueurs de l’histoire de l’émission, Brad Rutter et Ken Jennings !
Aujourd’hui Watson fait un travail plus sérieux, notamment dans le diagnostic de maladies. Dans une étude récente, Watson a pris seulement 10 minutes pour étudier l’état d’un patient et suggérer un traitement, contre environ 160 heures pour un médecin. La recherche montre également que Watson a suggéré presque le même traitement qu’un oncologue dans 99% des cas de cancer. Cette même étude révèle qu’il a également offert 30% d’options de traitement supplémentaires par rapport aux médecins.
Alors, feriez-vous confiance en l’IA ?
1200 personnes ont participé à une étude réalisée par l’Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP). Parmi eux, ce n’est pas moins de 35 % qui refuseraient au moins l’un des quatre outils proposés. 41 % les adopteraient seulement si un humain entrait dans la chaîne de contrôle, notamment en ce qui concerne la décision finale. Cette étude fait donc état d’un certain scepticisme à l’encontre de l’intelligence artificielle et de l’automatisation complète des hôpitaux et des traitements. Même si les progrès en matière d’IA sont extraordinaires ces dernières années, les Français souhaitent conserver l’Homme au cœur du diagnostic.
Néanmoins, les machines d’intelligence artificielle ne sont pas moins compétentes qu’un médecin humain dans le diagnostic et permet même de fournir des options de traitement supplémentaires ou de meilleure qualité. Ce n’est peut-être qu’une question de temps avant qu’elle ne commence à dominer complètement l’industrie de la santé.
Et vous, feriez-vous confiance en IA ?
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