Qu’est-ce que la fast fashion ?
La fast fashion consiste à renouveler très rapidement, plusieurs fois par mois ou par saison, les collections de vêtements.
À cause des enseignes les plus connues comme Shein, H&M, Zara, Boohoo et bien d’autres encore… Nous sommes entrés dans l’ère de l’ultra fast fashion. Le principe est de mettre en vente de nouveaux modèles, non pas créés par des stylistes mais inspirés ou copiés par ce qui se fait ailleurs dans un délai de fabrication accéléré et de moins bonne qualité et donc moins cher.
Chaque année, le secteur du textile émet 1,2 milliard de tonnes de gaz à effet de serre. En effet, depuis quelques années, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont au cœur des débats. Cependant, on entend très peu parler des moyens humains employés pour répondre à la forte demande de la fast fashion.
Cette tendance de la mode à moindre coût a favorisé la naissance de nombreuses usines à textiles dans les pays non développés pour des intérêts économiques : réaliser du profit grâce à une main d’œuvre pas chère.
Des employés devenus des esclaves
Prenons l’exemple le plus connu : Shein aujourd’hui valorisé à plus de 100 milliards $, Shein surpasse désormais Zara et H&M réunis.
Fin 2021, l’ONG suisse Public Eyes a publié un rapport effarant. ’ONG a voulu savoir qui paie le prix de cette mode ultra-rapide et bon marché.
En moyenne, les employés travaillent 75h par semaine soit environ le double pour une personne en France. De plus, ils ne bénéficient pasde congés ou de jour de repos dans la semaine.
Parlons de la rémunération qui, bien entendu ne permet pas de compenser toutes ces heures volées : les ouvriers sont payés 4 000 yuans par mois, soit environ 550 euros. Il existe aussi un système de rémunération au vêtement produit, touchant 0,27 yuan par pièce soit 0,03 €. Mais ce n’est pas tout, les employés sont amputés de deux tiers de leur salaire s’ils commettent la moindre erreur.
Par ailleurs, les normes de sécurité des usines ne sont pas respectées, plusieurs bâtiments ne comportent pas d’issue de secours ce qui peut avoir des conséquences fatales en cas d’incendie. En plus, ces ouvriers sont exposés à de multiples produits chimiques et pesticides. Cela affecte leur santé, mais ils ne disposent d’aucune aide médicale.
Au regard de tout cela, une prise de conscience de la part les consommateurs doit être faite afin de réduire la consommation de ces produits dangereux pour le monde.
Le dilemme entre envie et conscience
Les adolescents et jeunes adultes qui consomment de la fast fashion sont confrontés à un dilemme : être à la mode et avoir les dernières tendances ou l’écologie. En effet, les nouvelles générations ont de plus en plus conscience de l’urgence climatique. On voit tout de même la seconde main refaire surface, beaucoup ont à cœur de se tourner vers une mode plus responsable. Cependant, juste en trainant sur les réseaux sociaux noyés sous une vague de publicité/ partenariat, la tentation reste omniprésente.
N’hésitez pas également a consulter cette article
https://gnitekram.fr/le-french-washing-le-faux-made-in-france/ : La fast fashion : les coulisses des l’esclavage moderne
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