Inéluctablement, le sport rassemble.
Il lie les hommes, les femmes, les cultures, les générations et les religions. Finalement, quel autre domaine en fait autant ? Prenez l’exemple d’un match de foot, des milliers de personnes sont capables de se réunir pour soutenir leur équipe préférée, encourager leur jouer favori et prendre un selfie devant le stade. Mais l’euphorie de ces moments ne cache t-elle pas des travers bien dessinés et beaucoup moins instagramables ? Prenons l’exemple de la coupe du monde au Qatar.
Coupe du monde Qatar écologie
Des stades construits dans le désert… Un impact écologique désastreux.
S’il existe actuellement un sujet brûlant, c’est bien la température au Qatar. Une polémique se développe autour de ce Mondial 2022 et l’impact écologique et social que celui-ci représente.
La FIFA maintient le fait que la coupe du monde 2022 aura un bilan carbone neutre, c’est-à-dire un équilibre entre les émissions carbone et l’absorption de celui-ci par les puits carbone (sols, forêts et océans). En effet, le Qatar met en avant ses « solutions environnementales innovantes » notamment grâce à ses stades entièrement démontables et transportables, car ils sont construits à base de conteneurs mais entièrement climatisés.
Toutefois, des ONG écologistes remettent sérieusement en cause cette affirmation. Pour elles, la FIFA ne donne pas suffisamment de gages sur ses engagements pour le climat. En cause, la construction de ses 7 stades à ciel ouvert complètement climatisés durant 2 mois. Cela est une aberration écologique dans une période où le sujet de la sobriété énergétique est au centre des débats. Cependant, le concepteur de cette climatisation à “ciel ouvert” maintient que cette technologie est durable et permet de protéger les joueurs des blessures.
Autre cause, les navettes aériennes mise en place pour l’événement. En effet, 160 vols quotidiens sont programmés avec les pays voisins pour pallier le manque de place pour loger les supporters, soit environ 1,2 million de personnes. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre provoquées par ses 4 650 vols viennent alourdir considérablement le bilan carbone déjà très controversé.
Il ne faut pas oublier que le pedigrée climatique du Qatar est lourd, c’est le pays au monde qui rejette le plus de CO2 par personne dans l’atmosphère avec 37 tonnes/habitant en 2017 contre 5,2 / habitant en France. Aujourd’hui la promesse de la neutralité carbone n’est tout simplement pas crédible.
La coupe de monde ou la coupe de l’immonde ?
En février dernier, The Gardian révèle le désastre humain que cache la préparation de ce Mondial. Plus de 6 500 ouvriers originaires d’inde, du Pakistan, du Népal, du Bangladesh ou encore du Sri Lanka sont morts au Qatar. Selon le gouvernement du Qatar, ces travailleurs seraient morts “naturellement”. Cela a vite été remis en cause, en juillet 2019, lorsqu’une étude publiée par le journal de la cardiologie montre le lien entre des décès causés par des accidents cardiovasculaires et les effets de l’exposition prolongée des ouvriers aux fortes chaleurs. Cela vient prouver la responsabilité du gouvernement du Qatar dans la mort des travailleurs entre 2009 et 2017. À côté de ces milliers de morts, les conditions de vie des immigrants relèvent de l’esclavage moderne : logement, accès à l’eau potable, travail sous-payé (quand ils ne sont pas privés de salaire…). Sous la pression médiatique, un salaire moyen a été instauré en mars : 230 €/mois.
Est-il tolérable que des milliers de personnes meurent de chaud, ou d’accidents uniquement pour une compétition de football qui aurait pu se dérouler dans un pays possédant déjà les infrastructures adaptées ?
Quelle vitrine médiatique pour ce mondial ?
Le Qatar jouerait-il, autour de la coupe du monde de football, un jeu marketing ? Sur le papier tout laissait penser que le Qatar aller créer la première coupe du Monde neutre en carbone, une promesse qui cache une réalité bien moins vertueuse. Le problème ? Un petit peu de recherche suffit à prouver qu’il s’agit en réalité de greenwashing.
En effet, que l’on aime ou que l’on déteste le foot, le mondial est une vitrine médiatique exceptionnelle. Ainsi, la FIFA l’utilise pour véhiculer un message notamment auprès des enfants.
Le mondial de football est un véritable « produit d’appel » destiné à « vendre » le sport du ballon rond au plus grand nombre. Mais si le produit d’appel est raté, cela peut se retourner contre l’organisme qui l’utilise. Or, dans un contexte de lutte contre le changement climatique, le signal qui est ici envoyé à la planète me semble désastreux ».
Qualifié d’aberration écologique et d’horreur humaine , plusieurs villes de France ont renoncé à installer des écrans géants pour diffuser cette coupe du monde
la FIFA fait certes du développement durable une priorité dans les discours et certaines actions menées. Les ambitions affichées, à l’instar de la neutralité carbone, sont souvent élevées, mais les moyens mis en œuvre pour y parvenir restent insuffisants.
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