Shein est désormais perçu comme le géant de la fast fashion et de l’esclavage moderne.
Aujourd’hui, Shein, détaillant chinois de mode en ligne pour adulte et enfant est le leader de la fast fashion. Cette entreprise de mode a été créée en 2008 et est connue pour ses vêtements bon marché qui sont fabriqués en Chine. Cette dernière est surtout populaire chez les jeunes de part les bas coûts, le catalogue accessible facilement et qui propose une gamme plus large que tout autre magasin ou site de prêt-à-porter, les nombreux influenceurs qui font la promotion de ses vêtements à l’éthique douteuse ou encore car ils sont confectionnés et envoyés à vitesse grand V.
Depuis que l’entreprise a connu un engouement mondial, de nombreuses polémiques naissent autour d’elle : esclavage des travailleurs, produits chimiques toxiques dans les vêtements, pratiques loin d’être écoresponsable… Dans cet article, nous allons donc mettre en lumière les pratiques parfois méconnues de ce géant de la mode.
L’esclavage moderne pour des prix bas
De nombreux rapports et enquêtes mettent en lumière les conditions de travail des employés de l’entreprise Shein. C’est notamment l’enquête du député européen Raphaël GLUCKSMANN que les conditions de travail ont été mis en lumières. Les ouvriers produisant les vêtements Shein proviennent pour la grande majorité de provinces très pauvres en Chine. Ces derniers se retrouvent contraints de travailler douze heures par jour avec seulement un jour de congé par mois. Le géant de la fast fashion exploite donc ses ouvriers, il s’agit d’esclavage moderne. Les salariés reçoivent une rémunération équivalente à environ 560 euros par mois. En plus d’être dérisoire face au nombre d’heures, cette dernière peut être diviser à chaque fois qu’un employé commet une erreur sur la chaîne d’assemblage ou leur de la réalisation des colis.
De plus, ils travail le plus souvent sans contrat d’assurance. Public Eye, qui a partagé un rapport sur Shein, a mis en évidence au travers d’images que les locaux de l’entreprise étaient encombrés et ne semblaient pas être aux normes de sécurité qui permettent d’avoir accès à des issues de secours facilement en cas d’évacuation des lieux. La santé, la protection et la sécurité de ses employés est loin d’être une préoccupation du géant de la fast fashion.
L’entreprise communique sur ses prix bas pour vendre et faire du volume, mais elle oublie de préciser que les prix dérisoires qu’elle propose pour le consommateur ont un coût humain désastreux. Elle fait donc parti des industries de la mode qui mettent de côté les droits humains, violent les droits sociaux et ne tiennent pas compte de l’environnement pour vendre plus et s’enrichir.
Désastre humain et écologique
Le secteur de la mode fait parti des trois industries les plus polluantes au monde. En effet, elle produit plus de 10% des émissions mondiales de CO2. De plus, dans le milieu de la mode, de nombreux influenceurs font la promotion des marques, incitant leurs followers à faire comme eux et à succomber pour les mêmes articles. Shein dispose de nombreux influenceurs adeptes de la marque. Ces derniers influencent notamment les jeunes de 15 à 25 ans, qui sont attirés à la fois par les prix bas, mais aussi par l’apparence et ressembler aux personnes qui les influencent sur les réseaux. Ce genre de pratique est malheureuse quand on sait que les nouvelles générations ont tendance à faire attention à l’environnement, dommage qu’elles se laissent si facilement influencer.
L’entreprise Shein pèse à elle seule 12% du total de CO2 émis par les adolescents. C’est un créant des milliers d’articles par jour que Shein a créé le concept de l’ultra fast-fashion. Les clients du géant chinois sont donc en permanence tentés par de nouveaux articles pas chers. Alors, les commandes se multiplient pour rester tendance, mais il faut garder en tête que les vols pour acheminer les nombreuses commandes s’intensifient aussi….De plus, ces vêtements sont de basse qualité, ils ne dureront donc pas longtemps dans le temps et finiront rapidement à la poubelle. C’est donc un cercle vicieux qui se dessinent ici, acheter moins cher, mais plus régulièrement.
Le 23 novembre 2022, Greenpeace Allemagne a publié un article sur le géant de la fast-fashion et de l’esclavage moderne qui détruit tout sur son passage. L’ONG accuse l’entreprise de mode d’enfreindre la réglementation européenne au sujet des produits chimiques contenus dans 15% de ses produits. Greepeace s’est procuré 42 articles chez Shein sur les sites marchands de différentes provenance (Autriche, Italie, Allemagne…). Ils ont fait analyser les échantillons dans un laboratoire indépendant. Les résultats n’ont pas été décevants… plus de 100 000 mg/kg de phtalates ont été identifiés dans les chaussures. Cette substance est un perturbateur endocrinien nocif qui semble être impliqué dans les accouchements prématurés, le diabète de type 2, l’endométriose mais également le cancer du sein. La réglementation européenne exige une teneur en phtalates inférieure à 1 000mg/kg. Les résultats surprenants ne s’arrêtent malheureusement pas là. En effet, du formaldéhyde, substance cancérogène, a été identifiée dans une robe pour enfant. Depuis 2004, ce gaz est classé cancérogène avéré chez l’Homme.
Les accusations ne s’arrêtent pas là et les divers articles ou rapport sur le géant de la fast-fashion et de l’esclavage moderne dépeignent un tableau bien noir de Shein. Comment est-il possible en 2022 de tolérer une telle entreprise ? Il faut faire prendre conscience aux plus jeunes et plus influençable qu’acheter cette marque en étant conscient de ses pratiques c’est être complice d’une certaine façon de se désastre humain et écologique. Il faut savoir se remettre en question et se demander pourquoi et comment il est possible de produire des vêtements si peu cher par rapport à la concurrence.
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