En 2023 l’esclavage moderne, sous toutes ses formes, concerne tous les pays du globe. Lutter contre le travail forcé doit devenir une priorité !
L’esclavage moderne, tel que défini aux fins des estimations mondiales, comprend deux composantes principales : le travail forcé et le mariage forcé. Ces deux composantes renvoient aux situations d’exploitation qu’une personne ne peut refuser ou quitter en raison de menaces, de violences, de coercition, de tromperie ou d’abus de pouvoir.
DES CHIFFRES AFFOLANTS !
- 49,6 millions de personnes vivaient dans des conditions d’esclavage moderne en 2021, dont 27,6 millions dans le travail forcé et 22 millions dans le mariage forcé.
- Sur ces 27,6 millions de personnes en situation de travail forcé, 17,3 millions sont exploitées dans le secteur privé ; 6,3 millions sont en situation d’exploitation sexuelle commerciale forcée, et 3,9 millions sont astreintes à des travaux forcés imposés par l’État.
- Les femmes et les filles représentent 4,9 millions des personnes en situation d’exploitation sexuelle commerciale forcée, et 6 millions des personnes en situation de travail forcé dans d’autres secteurs économiques.
- 12% des personnes en situation de travail forcé sont des enfants. Plus de la moitié de ces enfants sont victimes d’exploitation sexuelle commerciale.
- La région Asie-Pacifique compte le plus grand nombre de personnes en situation de travail forcé (15,1 millions) et les États arabes la plus forte prévalence (5,3 pour mille personnes).
Des chiffres issus de l’organisation mondiale du travail qui nous montre qu’en 2022 avoir un travail décent n’est pas une normalité.
UN BILAN GLACIAL
L’esclavage moderne est l’antithèse même de la justice sociale et du développement durable. Selon les Estimations Mondiales de 2021, il y a, à tout moment, 50 millions de personnes en situation d’esclavage moderne, forcées de travailler ou de se marier contre leur gré. Cela correspond à près d’une personne sur 150 dans le monde.
Ces estimations indiquent également que les situations d’esclavage moderne ne sont en aucun cas transitoires – on peut être pris au piège du travail forcé pendant des années, tandis que le mariage forcé équivaut le plus souvent à une condamnation à vie. Et malheureusement, la situation ne s’améliore pas. Les Estimations Mondiales de 2021 révèlent une augmentation de millions d’hommes, de femmes, et d’enfants qui sont devenues victimes de travail forcé ou de mariage forcé.
Ces dernières années, la multiplication des crises – la pandémie de COVID-19, des conflits armés et les changements climatiques – ont occasionné des perturbations sans précédent en matière d’emploi et d’éducation, l’aggravation de l’extrême pauvreté, la multiplication des migrations forcées et dangereuses, l’explosion des cas de violence fondée sur le genre…, le tout contribuant à accroître le risque d’esclavage moderne sous toutes ses formes.
Il est donc urgent que la communauté internationale mobilise les ressources nécessaires pour surmonter ces obstacles et pour relancer les efforts déployés pour mettre fin à l’esclavage moderne.
METTRE FIN A L’ESCLAVAGE MODERNE : LA VOIE A SUIVRE A L’HORIZON 2030
À travers l’adoption des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD), la communauté internationale s’est engagée à mettre fin à l’esclavage moderne des enfants d’ici 2025, et de toutes les personnes d’ici 2030 (cible 8.7). Le présent rapport met en évidence l’ampleur du défi que doit relever la communauté internationale pour atteindre ces objectifs ambitieux au cours de la brève période qui reste d’ici l’échéance.
Le travail forcé
- Le respect de la liberté d’association et du droit de négociation collective des travailleurs
- Étendre la protection sociale, y compris leurs socles, à tous les travailleurs et leurs familles
- Promouvoir un recrutement équitable et éthique
- Renforcer les capacités et élargir le champ d’action des services publics d’inspection du travail
- Assurer la protection des personnes libérées du travail forcé
- Assurer aux personnes libérées du travail forcé l’accès à des voies de recours en justice
- Assurer l’application adéquate de la loi
- Aborder la question de la vulnérabilité des migrants au travail forcé et à la traite aux fins de travail forcé
- S’attaquer à la situation des enfants pris au piège du travail forcé
- Atténuer le risque accru de travail forcé en situation de crise
- Mettre fin au travail forcé imposé par l’État, qui est à l’origine d’un cas de travail forcé sur sept
- Mettre en place des partenariats et une coopération internationale
Le mariage forcé
- Les femmes et les filles étant les principales victimes, les mesures législatives et politiques requises doivent être abordées dans une perspective de genre
- Assurer une protection civile et pénale adéquate dans la législation nationale, ceci doit inclure le fait de relever l’âge légal pour se marier à 18 ans
- S’attaquer aux structures et aux normes socioculturelles sous-jacentes qui contribuent à la pratique du mariage forcé
- Investir pour donner aux femmes et aux filles les moyens d’agir
- Protéger les droits des personnes vulnérables au risque de mariage forcé en périodes de crise
- Réduire la vulnérabilité des migrants, en particulier des enfants
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