Nous sommes au XXIème siècle, et pourtant l’esclavage existe encore, et le peuple des Ouïghours en est la triste preuve. C’est en 2020, que l’Institut Australien de Stratégie Politique a publié le rapport dénonçant le travail forcé de 80 000 Ouïghours en Chine.
Quel est ce peuple qui se retrouve au cœur de l’esclavage moderne ?
Les Ouïghours forment un peuple turcophone. Ils sont pour la majorité musulmans et originaires d’Asie centrale. Ces derniers sont aussi très représentés en Ouzbékistan et au Kirghizistan. La Chine demeure néanmoins le pays concentrant la majorité des Ouïghours du monde. C’est en Chine que ce peuple s’est retrouvé impuissant et persécuté par le régime. En effet, le nombre de Ouïghours emprisonnées ou qui sont passées par des camps dépasse largement le million et selon certaines enquêtes pourrait atteindre 3 millions de personnes. Mais la persécution envers ce peuple ne s’arrête pas là : 80% des stérilisations réalisées en Chine se seraient déroulées en région Ouïghoure. Ce chiffre alarmant met donc en exergue la volonté du régime chinois de diminuer drastiquement le nombre de naissances de Ouïghours afin d’aboutir à la disparition, au fil des années de ce peuple.
L’esclavage des Ouïghours, un drame inacceptable
Cet esclavage moderne touche de nombreux secteurs industriels tels que la mode, l’automobile ou encore la production de batteries. Le rapport de l’Institut Australien de Stratégie Politique a mis en exergue 83 marques et entreprises qui participaient à l’esclavage des Ouïghours. Concernant l’électronique, on peut citer Huawei, Apple, Sony, Samsung ou encore Nokia. Ensuite, pour l’automobile, les marques citées étaient : Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz mais aussi Land Rover. Enfin, le secteur de la mode n’était pas épargné, bien au contraire. Nous allons donc sélectionner quelques entreprises mises en cause, mais la liste n’est pas exhaustive : H&M, Uniqlo, Tommy Hilfiger, Lacoste, The North Face, Nike, Abercrombie & Fitch, Adidas… Tous ces grands noms de marques internationales ont donc joué un rôle inacceptable dans l’esclavage moderne. Elles ont en effet profité d’une main d’œuvre innocente pour réduire au maximum leurs coûts de main d’œuvre et dépenser des millions dans des campagnes publicitaires ou opérations marketing.
Quelles actions pour sanctionner un tel drame ?
La prise de conscience avance, mais elle n’est pas rapide. Les citoyens réalisent peu à peu qu’une telle situation est inadmissible, mais les Etats ont du mal à prendre position.
Face au manque d’affirmation des dirigeants politique, certaines politiques ce sont imposer. En effet, Raphaël GLuscksmann, s’est par exemple directement adressé, via un post, à Emmanuel Macron deux jours après les commémorations du 14 juillet : « Réveillons notre France, Commémorer le 14 juillet, c’est bien, être fidèle à la quête de liberté, d’égalité, de fraternité de la révolution c’est mieux ! Être fidèle à notre France, C’est lutter contre les inégalités et les discriminations chez nous, c’est combattre pour les déportés et les massacrés ailleurs : lutter pour les Ouïghours de Chine ». A force de pression et de boycotts, l’Assemblée Nationale a reconnu le génocide des Ouïghours en janvier 2022. Cette démarche a été suivie en avril 2021 par l’Angleterre, puis par d’autres pays tels que les Etats-Unis d’Amérique, le Canada mais aussi l’Irlande. Malgré cela, la Chine n’a pour l’heure pas été condamnée officiellement pour ce génocide. Les civils semblent plus impliqués pour la reconnaissance de l’implication de la Chine dans l‘esclave des Ouïghours que les gouvernements. En effet, en réaction à la publication du rapport, des militants ont recouvert les produits d’enseignes parisiennes telles que Zara, H&M et Gap d’étiquettes dénonçant le travail forcé du peuple Ouïghour au sein de l’industrie du textile.
De nombreuses autres actions de ce style ont été menées par des militants ou associations défendant les droits des Hommes. Par ailleurs, certains citoyens se sentant très concernés par ce drame inacceptable ce sont mis a boycotter les marques mises en cause dans cette affaire d’esclavage moderne.
La publication du rapport produit par l’institut australien de stratégie politique, met en avant une réalité que l’on oublie souvent : les injustices sociales et les catastrophes écologiques sont liées. En effet, le consommateur chercher à acheter à moindre coup, ce qui est humain, mais il faut être conscience que faire cela, c’est cautionner l’esclavage moderne et la destruction de notre Terre. L’univers du textile est l’un des plus polluant et pour lequel on trouvera un vêtement bon marché sans coût humain et environnemental, soyons en conscients.
L’esclavage des Ouïghours est un drame inacceptable. Comment l’esclavage peut-il encore exister au XXIème siècle. Malgré les erreurs du passé, l’Homme est encore capable de soumettre des peuples impuissants pour en tirer profit. Les droits de l’Homme sont trop précieux pour être vendus, chacun à son échelle peut donc essayer de lutter contre cela. Mais ne soyons pas idéaliste, nous ne sommes pas parfaits et nous ne changerons pas le monde du jour au lendemain.
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