Ce n’est un secret pour personne que la publicité joue un rôle essentiel dans la manière dont nous percevons le monde qui nous entoure. Son impact va bien au-delà de ce qui apparaît en surface. Alors que de nombreuses marques s’efforcent de « verdir » leurs campagnes publicitaires pour la rendre plus durable, il est crucial d’examiner l’influence indirecte des publicités, cet impact qui ne se révèle pas immédiatement, mais qui influe considérablement sur notre environnement. Agir pour protéger l’environnement, d’accord, mais comment faire en pratique ?
En 2023, les campagnes publicitaires et les messages d’entreprises maintiennent encore leur utilisation persistante des tactiques de greenwashing. Cependant, il est encourageant de constater que des signes concrets de changement commencent à émerger, portés par des entreprises conscientes et qui ont décidé d’adopter des pratiques publicitaires moins nocives à l’environnement.
Cela revêt une importance particulière compte tenu du grand nombre de stimuli commerciaux et de messages publicitaires qui sollicitent notre attention et nous incitent à l’achat, avec une moyenne allant de 3 000 à 7 000 messages publicitaires par jour en France.
La Consommation Induite : L’Impact Caché de la Publicité
La publicité exerce une influence significative sur nos choix de consommation. Elle a le pouvoir de susciter des besoins artificiels, d’encourager la surconsommation et de stimuler un cycle de production et de consommation accru, ce qui nuit à l’environnement.
Cet impact, souvent méconnu, est ce que l’on appelle la « consommation induite ». Les publicités nous incitent à acheter davantage, à rechercher constamment de nouveaux produits et à renouveler notre garde-robe ou nos appareils électroniques, même lorsque cela n’est pas nécessaire. Ce type de consommation induite se manifeste dans diverses industries, notamment la mode, l’électronique et l’industrie des aliments transformés.
Fast Fashion : L’industrie de la mode est l’un des secteurs les plus touchés par ce phénomène. Les publicités de vêtements bon marché nous poussent à acheter constamment de nouvelles tenues, ce qui conduit à une surproduction de vêtements et à une gestion inefficace des déchets textiles.
Électronique Obsolète : La publicité pour les derniers gadgets électroniques nous encourage à remplacer nos appareils plus rapidement que nécessaire, contribuant ainsi à l’épuisement des ressources naturelles et à la production de déchets électroniques.
Il est estimé que la fabrication d’un ordinateur émet 24 fois plus d’équivalent CO2 que l’énergie consommée pendant un an d’utilisation.
Alimentation Transformée : Les publicités pour la malbouffe et les aliments transformés encouragent une alimentation malsaine et la surconsommation de produits à forte empreinte écologique.
Un Impact Direct sur l’Environnement
Outre la consommation induite, il existe des impacts plus directs de la publicité sur l’environnement, notamment à travers les supports publicitaires eux-mêmes. Certaines pratiques publicitaires, largement répandues, sont très énergivores et contribuent à la pollution de l’air, de l’eau et du sol.
Citant certaines pratiques Nocives :
Panneaux Publicitaires Numériques : Ces écrans géants, omniprésents dans nos villes, sont connus pour leur voracité énergétique. Ils nécessitent une quantité considérable d’électricité pour afficher des publicités 24 heures sur 24, 7 jours sur 7.
Il est nécessaire de prendre conscience que les 1.400 écrans publicitaires de Paris (y compris les métros et stations) consomment en 1 (un) an autant d’électricité que toutes les écoles primaires d’un arrondissement moyen de Paris.
Un chiffre énorme qui doit faire penser toute entreprise qui se dit responsable et exploite comme même ce support média.
Publicités en Ligne : Les publicités en ligne, bien que virtuelles, ne sont pas exemptes d’impact. Les serveurs de données qui hébergent les publicités consomment une grande quantité d’énergie, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit de diffuser des vidéos publicitaires en continu.
Des Entreprises qui veulent Agir !
Pourtant, dans cette jungle publicitaire souvent à effet dévastateur pour l’environnement, il est rafraîchissant de voir certaines entreprises se démarquer en optant pour des pratiques publicitaires plus durables et embrasser la vision que la publicité durable est bien plus qu’un simple slogan.
Patagonia – La Transparence au Service de l’Environnement
Cette célèbre marque de vêtements outdoor, donne un exemple de transparence et d’engagement environnemental. Leur campagne « Don’t Buy This Jacket » a incité les consommateurs à réfléchir à leurs achats et à privilégier la durabilité. Une approche plus durable et radicalement différente de la publicité traditionnelle axée sur la vente à tout prix. Elle utilise également des matériaux recyclés dans ses produits, réduit les emballages et encourage la réparation plutôt que le remplacement.
TerraCycle – L’Évolution des Supports Imprimés
Des entreprises comme TerraCycle en France ont repensé la manière dont les supports imprimés sont fabriqués. Ils utilisent des encres végétales, du papier recyclé et minimisent le gaspillage pour réduire l’empreinte carbone de leurs publicités imprimées.
… et ceux qui essaie !
IKEA – La Promotion de l’Économie Circulaire
La marque se focalise sur la seconde vie de ses propres produits en encourageant ses clients à revendre leurs anciens meubles IKEA sur la plateforme de revente de la marque. L’enseigne utilise cette approche lors d’opérations de communication dédiée. En lieu et place du Black Friday de plus en plus décrié, Ikea se positionne sur un Green Friday. Les membres d’Ikea family peuvent lors de cette opération bénéficier de 50% additionnel sur leur rachat en carte cadeau. De quoi travailler l’image engagée de la marque, qui ambitionne de devenir une entreprise à l’économie circulaire d’ici 2030.
H&M – Calcule l’Impact Environnemental
L’entreprise suédoise H&M a adopté l’ACV (Analyse du Cycle de Vie qui permet d’évaluer l’ensemble du cycle de vie d’un produit) pour évaluer l’impact environnemental de ses vêtements. Grâce à cette méthode, ils ont pu identifier les domaines nécessitant des améliorations, tels que la réduction des émissions de carbone dans la production textile.
Et si on agissait pour un Avenir Publicitaire Durable ?
Il est temps de prendre conscience de l’impact caché et direct de la publicité sur notre planète. La consommation induite et les pratiques publicitaires énergivores doivent être remises en question. Les entreprises qui adoptent des pratiques plus durables montrent que la publicité peut être un moteur de changement positif.
La publicité durable ne se limite pas à la création de publicités écologiques. Elle englobe l’ensemble du processus, de la conception à la diffusion, et a un impact bien plus vaste qu’on ne le pense. En mettant en avant l’impact indirect des publicités sur les comportements des consommateurs et en atténuant l’impact direct des supports publicitaires, les entreprises peuvent réellement contribuer à la protection de l’environnement.
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