De la technologie en jeu qui contrôle la façon dont le jeu est joué au suivi de la santé et des compétences des joueurs.
La Coupe du monde 2022 a été le théâtre de quelques-unes des avancées technologiques les plus récentes dans le domaine du football, notamment le ballon de match high-tech associé à la nouvelle technologie de hors-jeu semi-automatique (SAOT) de la FIFA et à la technologie de contrôle de l’accès au terrain.
Voici notre compilation :
- Ballon de football à capteurs
Le ballon officiel de la Coupe du monde contient un capteur léger, qui a été testé pendant six ans avant de recevoir la certification complète de la FIFA. L’introduction de nouvelles technologies lors de la Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2022 au Qatar a rendu les matchs plus intéressants.
Après la victoire 2-0 du Portugal sur l’Uruguay lors de la Coupe du monde de la FIFA 2022 au Qatar, le monde du sport et les médias sociaux ont explosé avec la discussion sur le « but des cheveux » de Cristiano Ronaldo.
Le ballon de match fourni par Adidas, le sponsor officiel du tournoi, a révélé que ses capteurs intégrés n’ont pas réussi à détecter le prétendu « but des cheveux ». Selon la « Connected Ball Technology » de la marque et le capteur IMU 500Hz de haute précision, Ronaldo n’est pas entré en contact avec le ballon car aucune force externe n’a été mesurée.
- Video Assistant Referees (VAR)
Cette technologie a été mise à l’épreuve lors de la Coupe du monde de 2018 et a été améliorée pour les matchs de cette année. Les responsables de la FIFA ont ajouté que le système s’appuie sur des caméras de suivi placées sous les toits des stades pour suivre le ballon rempli de capteurs et jusqu’à 29 points de données sur le corps de chaque joueur 50 fois par seconde.
Un système d’intelligence artificielle a été alimenté par les points de données qui suivent les membres des joueurs et l’emplacement du ballon. Afin d’aider les arbitres à prendre des décisions précises sur les pénalités, par exemple pour déterminer qui est hors-jeu.
- Refroidissement du stade
Les autorités s’appuient sur un système de refroidissement de pointe. La FIFA affirme qu’il a été conçu par Saud Abdulaziz Abdul Ghani, également connu sous le nom de « Dr. Cool », un professeur qatari. Les tuyaux et les bouches d’aération du stade aspirent l’air, le refroidissent, le filtrent, puis le rejettent. Selon les responsables du jeu, cela a créé une bulle de fraîcheur dans le stade, où des capteurs ont aidé à réguler les températures.
Les stades ont été maintenus entre 64 et 75 degrés Fahrenheit grâce à l’isolation et à une méthode technologique appelée « refroidissement ponctuel », qui permet de refroidir uniquement les endroits où se trouvent les gens.
- Caméras et algorithmes
Selon des responsables qataris qui se sont entretenus avec l’Agence France-Presse en août, les centres de commandement et de contrôle du Qatar se sont appuyés sur plus de 15 000 caméras pour surveiller les mouvements des individus tout au long des jeux.
Il y a des caméras dans chacun des huit stades. Selon Al Jazeera, la technologie de reconnaissance faciale a été utilisée pour suivre les supporters dans le stade Lusail, qui peut accueillir plus de 80 000 personnes et dont lequel s’est déroulé le match final. Cette mesure a suscité des inquiétudes quant au respect de la vie privée.
En outre, des algorithmes ont été utilisés également pour prévenir les bousculades dans le stade, comme celle qui a fait plus de 130 morts lors d’un match de football en Indonésie le mois dernier. Des algorithmes basés sur divers points de données, tels que les ventes de billets et les points d’entrée, ont été utilisés par l’équipe de commandement et de contrôle pour prévoir les mouvements de foule.
Conclusion
La FIFA poursuit ses recherches sur les nouvelles technologies qui peuvent avoir un impact positif sur le football. Cette technologie permet d’analyser les matchs à travers les yeux d’un joueur particulier sur le terrain.
Les développements futurs de la technologie pourraient avoir un impact encore plus important sur les jeux et les événements sportifs. Cependant, son impact sur la prise de décision pourrait s’avérer énorme.
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