La fast-fashion est une notion représentant toutes les entreprises de la mode basées sur la mode rapide, jetable et l’hyperconsommation. Alors que traditionnellement, la mode produisait 2 collections par an (hivers et été) une marque peut produire aujourd’hui jusqu’à 36 collections par an. Ainsi 130 milliards de vêtements sont consommés chaque année dans le monde, soit 60% de plus qu’il y a 15 ans (selon le rapport de l’Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie). Le prix des vêtements, quant à lui, est toujours plus compétitif, basé sur un coût de revient de plus en plus faible grâce à la délocalisation de la production. Mais quel est le véritable coût de la fast fashion ? Nous avons tenté de réunir ici les informations clés sur ce sujet.
L’impact environnemental :
- La production de textile utilise 4% de l’eau potable disponible dans le monde et se positionne ainsi comme le 3ème secteur le plus consommateur d’eau dans le monde.
- Le secteur du textile émet 10% des gaz à effet de serre mondiaux, c’est-à-dire 1.2 milliards de tonnes par an. Cela est principalement du au trajet : un jean parcourt jusqu’à 65 000 km du champ de coton au magasin de vente, soit 1,5 fois le tour de la planète.
- 20% de la pollution d’eau douce dans le monde est liée au traitement et à la teinture du textile.
- La production de polyester est responsable de 31% de la pollution plastique des océans. Par ailleurs, l’entretien des vêtements (c’est-à-dire son lavage) est responsable de la présence de 500 000 tonnes de microfibres par an, soit 50 milliards de bouteilles en plastiques.
- Pour fabriquer 1kg de coton (qui correspond à 1 jean) il faut 5 000 à 10 000L d’eau, 75g de pesticides et 2kg d’engrais chimiques.
- Fortement utilisées dans l’industrie du textile, les matières animales (cuir, laine, fourrure…) sont la plupart du temps produites dans des condition de maltraitance animale et d’élevage intensif.
L’impact social :
- Au Bengladesh, 15% des enfants issus des bidonvilles entre 6 et 14 ans travaillent dans l’industrie textile 64 heures par semaine pour 30 euros par mois. Le pourcentage s’élève à 50% pour les plus de 14 ans.
- Les traitements et les tannages représente pour les ouvriers un risque élevé de d’intoxications ou de de maladies incurables.
- Les ouvrières asiatiques touchent en moyenne 0.18€ pou la confection d’un t-shirt vendu 29€ en Europe. Ces dernière travaillent en moyenne 12h par jour avec un seul jour de repos par semaine.
- En Inde du Sud, 50 000 jeunes filles se retrouvent en situation de travail forcé dans des usines de filature.
Pollution des océans, exploitation des enfants… Nous pouvons y mettre un terme au travers d’achats plus responsables. Découvrez les alternatives à la fast-fashion !
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